Academic Mobility of Higher Education in India

Higher Education in India is one of the largest and oldest systems of higher education found anywhere in the world. As of now there are 320 Universities, of which nearly 131 are of Affiliating Universities. Besides there are deemed universities, institutions of national importance, institutes and over 15500 colleges. Together they offer a wide range of degree and diploma programs across the length and breadth of the country.

While universities, deemed universities and institutions of national importance are largely autonomous institutions entitled by law to design, develop and offer programs which they consider relevant and appropriate for the national needs, the colleges and institutes are expected to be regulated by the universities with which they are affiliated or associated with. Give the wide reach and variety of institutions and programs of higher education, a number of professional, coordinative and regulatory bodies and councils have also been established to ensure balanced and healthy growth of higher education in the country. Given below are the broad National Qualification Framework presently in vogue in the country.

(1) Arts, Humanities and Social Science:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BA	3	10+2
PG	MA	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma	Advanced Diploma	1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	Diploma	1	10+2
Certificate	Certificate	1	10+2
Other nomenclatures in vogue are: B.Litt.; BJ; BOL; BPP; BPS; BT;; D.HV.; DOL; M. Ind.; M. Litt; M. Plan; MJ; MOL; Samaj Vidya Parangat; Samaj Vidya Visharad; Alankar; Bhasha Parveena; Granthalaya; Hindi Shiksha Visharad; M.Ch.; Vachaspati

(2) Commerce/ Business Studies/ Accounting/ Finance:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	B. Com.	3	10+2
PG	M. Com.	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma	Advanced Diploma	1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	Diploma	1	10+2
Certificate	Certificate	1	10+2
Other nomenclatures in vogue are: MFC; MTA; M. eCom; DBA; DBM;

(3) Natural Sciences:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	B.Sc.	3	10+2
PG	M.Sc.	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma	Advanced Diploma	1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	Diploma	1	10+2
Certificate	Certificate	1	10+2
Other nomenclatures in vogue are: B.S.Sc.; B.Stat.; B.V.Sc.; B.V.Sc. & A.H; M.Stat.; M.V.Sc.

(4) Physical Education:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BPEd	3	10+2
PG	MPEd	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral		1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral		3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral		3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	DPEd	1	10+2
Certificate	CPEd	1	10+2
Other nomenclatures in vogue are: BPE; MPE

(5) Fine Arts/ Art Education:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BFA	4	10+2
PG	MFA	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	2	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2
The following Nomenclatures be discontinued Bachelor in Sculpture, Bachelor in Painting, Bachelor in commercial Art etc be replaced by BFA (Sculpture); BFA (Painting); BFA (Commercial Art); BFA (Art Education) etc

(6) Performing Arts: [Music, Dance, Drama]

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BPA	4	10+2
PG	MPA	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2
Other nomenclatures in vogue are: B.Mus; B. Dance; D. Mus; M. Dance; M. Mus;

(7) Engineering & Technology:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	B. Tech or BE	4	10+2
PG	M. Tech or ME	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma	Advanced Diploma	1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	Diploma	1	10+2
Certificate	Certificate	1	10+2
Other nomenclatures in vogue are: B.Ch.E.; B.Chem. Tech;; B.Tel.E.; B.Text; BCE; BEE; BME; D.Eng.; M.Ch.E.; M.Text; MEE; MME

(8) Computer Application/ Information Technology

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BCA; B.Sc;	3	10+2
PG	MCA; M.Sc.	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D.Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma	Advanced Diploma	1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	Diploma	1	10+2
Certificate	Certificate	1	10+2
Other nomenclatures in vogue are: BIT; BSS; MIT; MSS

(9) Management/ Business Administration:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BBA	3	10+2
PG	MBA	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma	Advanced Diploma	1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	Diploma	1	10+2
Certificate	Certificate	1	10+2
The following nomenclatures are also in Vogue BBS, BIBF; BBM, BIBM, BIM, MBM, MBS, MIB, MMS Related Professional Council: All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE)- www.aicte.ernet.in

(10) Architecture/ Planning:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	B. Arch	4	10+2
PG	M. Arch	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma	Advanced Diploma	1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	Diploma	1	10+2
Certificate	Certificate	1	10+2
Related Professional Council: Council of Architecture

(11) Modern Medicine & Surgery:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	MBBS	5	10+2
PG	MD or MS	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral		1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	DM	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral		3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2
The following nomenclatures is also in vogue: MO; BMBS; BOT; BSMS Related Professional Council: Medical Council of India (MCI) www.mciindia.org

(12) Dental Care:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BDS	5	10+2
PG	MDS	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral		1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	DM	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral		3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2
Related Professional Council: Dental Council of India (DCI)- www.dciindia.org

(13) Homeopathic Medicine:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BHMS	5	10+2
PG	MD (Homeo)	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral		1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	DM (Homeo)	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral		3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2
Related Professional Council: Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH) www.cchindia.com

(14) Ayurvedic Medicine:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BAMS	5	10+2
PG	MAMS	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral		1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	DM (Ayurveda)	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral		3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2
The following nomenclatures are also in Vogue: AMBS; Anu Parangat; Ayurveda Vachaspati; Ayurvedacharya; BAM; BIM; D. Ay. M; MAMS; B. Nat (Ayu)

(15) Unani Medicine:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BUMS	5	10+2
PG	MUMS	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral		1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	DM (Unani)	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral		3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2
The following nomenclatures are also in Vogue: MUMS Central Council for Indian Medicine (CCIM) www.ccimindia.org

(16) Pharmacy:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	B. Pharm	4	10+2
PG	M. Pharm	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D. or LLD	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2
Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) www.pci.nic.in

(17) Nursing:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	B. Sc (Nursing)	4	10+2
PG	M. Sc (Nursing)	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2
The following Nomenclatures are also in Vogue: B. Nur; M. Nur Indian Nursing Council (INC) http://mohfw.nic.in/kk/95/ib/95ib0301.htm

(18) Physiotherapy:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BPT	4	10+2
PG	MPT	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2

(19) Agriculture/ Fisheries/ Veterinary Sciences:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	B.Sc. Agri	3	10+2
PG	M.Sc. Agri	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Litt.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma	Advanced Diploma	1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	Diploma	1	10+2
Certificate	Certificate	1	10+2
The following nomenclatures are also in Vogue: B. Agri; B. F. Sc; M. F. Sc; Related Agency for coordination and Funding: Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) www.icar.org.in

(20) Law:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	LLB	3	10+2
UG Integrated	BA LLB	5	10+2
PG	LLM	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma		1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma		1	10+2
Certificate		1	10+2
The following Nomenclatures are also in Vogue: BCL; BGL; BL; DL; ML Related Professional Council: Bar Council of India (BCI)